What are
Wormholes ?
Wormholes Introduction
The space spread around us has always been the
subject of our ecstasy. In ancient times, when people looked at the sky, they
would see twinkling stars, which they considered to be the house of God. This
went on for centuries, then science emerged and we realized that these
celestial bodies that appear like particles of sand in the sky are actually
either stars or planets. Since Earth is also a planet, an important question
arose in our mind. Does life exist on any other planet instead of earth? Our
curiosity to know the answer to this question gave birth to telescopes like
Hubble who discovered many planets on which life can be possible. But these
planets are so far away from us that we cannot even imagine going there with
today's technology. To reach these planets easily, we need a vehicle that
travels with at least speed of light. But according to Einstein’s Theory of Relativity,
any object having a mass of its own cannot travel with the speed of light.
Because in order to do this it will need infinite energy that is not possible.
Simply, it is impossible to make a vehicle that travels at speed of light or
faster. So should it be understood that we will never be able to reach those
planets? If this is the case then why are scientists spending their precious
time looking for such planets where we can never reach? The reason for this is
some mathematical equations, which give rise to at least two such possibilities
by which we can reach any part of the universe before the light without
breaking the rules of theory of relativity. The first possibility is through
Wrap Drive and the second possibility is through Wormholes, about which I am
going to tell you today.
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| Wormhole in Space-time Curve |
No one challenged Newton's theories of gravity until
the early years of the 19th century. According to newton's theory,
all the objects in this universe, we and you also pull each other with a force
called gravity or gravitational force. The larger the object, the greater its
gravitational force. But there was a shortcoming in Newton's theory of
gravitation, which nobody noticed. Newton has told that every object in this
universe pulls each other, but he did not say why and how objects do it. This
important question shook a young Clark who later became known as Albert Einstein.
In 1915, Einstein told the people through his general theory of relativity that
gravitational force works due to the distortion in space-time. Now you must be
wondering about what is this Space-time. Space-time is like a sheet in which
both space and time are connected together. Einstein said that everything in
this universe distorts space-time according to its mass. If the mass and size
of an object is high then it will distort the space time more. To understand
this, you place a heavy and a light sphere on a tightly spread sheet in the
air. You will find that both the spheres will deform the sheet, but the heavier
sphere will deform the sheet more. Since the larger sphere has distorted the
sheet more, the smaller sphere will start going towards it.
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| Suppose a sphere placed in spacetime that distort the spacetime |
In simple words, deformation
due to the larger/heavier sphere in the sheet i.e. space-time, the smaller
sphere will start moving towards the larger sphere and according to the Einstein
this is what we call the gravitational force.
What are Wormholes ?
The
concept of Wormholes has also come from the distortions occurring in space
time. Einstein and his partner Nathan Rosen believed that due to these
distortions many times, a shortcut path is created in space time which not only
connects two different places of the universe but also two periods of time.
For example, suppose A and B are two places in
space time that have a large distance between them. If we try to reach from A
to B in the traditional way, it will take billions of years. But if we bend the
space time and use the shortcut route, then it will take less time than even
light to reach B. These shortcut routes are called worm holes.
According to
the mathematical model of Einstein, wormholes must exist in this universe, but
we have not found any wormhole till date. So far, the physicist have not been
able to think of anything that can prove that the creation of wormholes in this
universe is done in a natural way, but according to the Quantum Form Hypothesis
of a theoretical physicist John Wheeler,
wormholes are formed and destroyed on their own.
According to Wheeler's
theory, wormholes exist but they are so small in size that we cannot detect
them. According to him the size of a wormhole is about 10 to the power minus 33
centimetre.
Even if we detect the wormholes in some way, we have to increase
their size to travel through them and for this we will need exotic material.
The law of ordinary matter in the universe is that its energy density and pressure
are positive. But if we talk about exotic matter then it is completely
different from ordinary matter. This is a matter whose energy density and
pressure is negative. If we use exotic matter in a wormhole, its negative
properties can increase its size by pushing the sides of the wormhole outwards,
so that humans or any spacecraft can use it. The problem is that the existence
of exotic matter is still only in theories. We do not know exactly how it looks
like or where to find it.
Suppose for a moment that we have somehow found
wormholes which are quite small in size. We also get some exotic matter which
by using it we increase the size of wormholes so that we can travel through it.
According to Holman (a professor of physics), if anything other than exotic
matter enters inside the wormholes, then the wormholes will be destroyed.
Simply put, we will die as soon as we go to the wormholes.
If we will able to
use the wormholes in some way in future, then we will face a big problem. The wormholes
connect any two points of space time. That is, not only the space, but it also
connects two different time periods. If we try to reach the planet in any
corner of the universe using wormholes, then it is quite possible that we will
reach there in some other time maybe in the future or in the past. In such a
situation it will be very difficult for us to return to our planet in our time.
According
to the physicists who follows the Parallel universe theory, wormholes also
combine two different Parallel Universes.
Read also : Complete Information about Black Holes
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